用a/an：
1. 用于单个可数名词之前，表示第一次提到（无特定指代）
2. 用于单个可数名词之前，指代整个类属里的任一（相当于any）
不用a/an：
3. 复数之前不用
4. 不可数名词之前不用
用the：
5. 用于特殊事物（the sky, the sun, the earth…）
6. 用于第二次提到的事物
7. 当有短语或从句将某事物特定化的时候（the girl I met）
8. 当某事物在语境中被地点限定的时候
9. 用于序数词之前
10. 用于单个可数名词之前，指代整个类属里的全部（相当于all）
11. 用于某一特定人群里的某一个（the small shopkeeper）
不用the：
12. 抽象事物之前（除非该抽象事物被赋予了特定含义）
13. 表示“自然”时，nature不用the（但表示“本质”时要用the）
14. 非特定地点的的地点名词之前（at home, at school, at prison）
==========复杂的来了==========
a/an vs. the
15.a/an用于第一次出现的事物，the用于继续出现的事物
16.a/an用于类属里某的任一事物（any），the用于类属里的全部事物（all）
17. 用the对某一事物做普遍性的陈述
=========更复杂的来了=========
零冠词（即不用冠词） vs. a/an
18. 在概念层面上的事物，即使是单数可数名词，也不用冠词。
零冠词 vs. the
19. 复数名词，且用于泛指，用零冠词
20. 不可数名词，且用于泛指，用零冠词
21. 抽象名词，无论可数或不可数，都用零冠词
22. 论文标题的第一个词，如果是名词，通常省略the
23. 图表标题的名词，通常省略the
========举例========
以下这些句子都是我曾经写过然后被导师修改的，这些类型的错误我犯了无数次。
我的：The multiple factors influence children’s evaluation of scientific claims.
修改：Multiple factors influence children’s evaluation of scientific claims.
反思：这里的multiple factors是上文没有出现过的，且是泛指某些factors（下文才会具体地谈到它们是什么），所以不能用冠词。
但是：The multiple factors I reviewed in the previous section...
但是：The multiple factors that govern children's evaluation...
反思：如果此事物被从句限定住了，那么就不再是泛指，所以要用the。
---------
我的：The news article may contain a chart of CO2 emissions by gasoline-powered cars.
修改：A news article may contain a chart of CO2 emissions by gasoline-powered cars.
反思：首先，article是单个可数名词，所以不能用零冠词；其次，这个article并没有被短语或从句限定住，所以读者并不知道是“哪个”article，它是指news article这个类属里的任一个，所以要用a。
但是：News articles may contain...
但是：The news article Daniel wrote on the New York Times...
---------
我的：How can anargument-oriented instruction play a role in students' reasoning?
修改：How can argument-oriented instruction play a role in students' reasoning?
反思：此处的argument-oriented instruction是一个概念层面的事物（可以理解为术语），而既不是泛指某类属，也不是instruction类属里的某一个，所以用零冠词。
---------
我的：Another data source is the videotaped observation of classroom instruction.
修改：Another data source is videotaped observations of classroom instruction.
反思：此处的observation不需要用the特指，因为之前并没有出现过，用零冠词的复数名词更符合学术写作惯例。（不过我还没完全理解清楚。）
---------
我的：One camera will be fixed at the front of the classroom to capture the whole-class interaction.
修改：One camera will be fixed at the front of the classroom to capture whole-class interactions.
反思：同上。
---------
我的：The analysis ofobservation protocols and video-based interaction analysis were conducted.
修改：Analysis of observationprotocols and video-based interaction analysis were conducted.
反思：首先，这个analysis之前并未出现过，也不是泛指整个类属，所以不能用the；其次，analysis在此处是一个概念层面的术语，所以比an analysis要更符合学术写作惯例。
反思：或许也可以用analyses of observation protocols and...
========再举例========
错误用法：Figure2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitterblades.
正确用法：Figure2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the mainand splitter blades.
错误用法：The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.
正确用法：The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.
在这个研究中只存在一种3Dmodeling tool，因此“3D modeling tool”是具体的，需要用定冠词the。
错误用法：A theoretical method for calculating the innerflow-field in centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects of flows. Systematical study of number and distribution of vortices is conducted.
正确用法 A theoretical method for calculating the innerflow-field in a centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and an investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects of flows. A systematicalstudy of the number and distributionof vortices is conducted.
错误用法 Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in EOF product thereby minimizing impact onenvironment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials; consequently it contributes greatly to resource conservation.
正确用法 Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in an EOF product thereby minimizing the impact on the environment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials; consequently it contributes greatly to resource conservation.
冠词的使用始终是一个难点，也是大家非常容易犯错的点。掌握其基本规律，多总结，才能尽量避免科技论文中错误的发生。
© 2010-2020 SPE 鄂ICP备19028293号-1
常见问题